penalty n. 1.刑罚,惩罚。 2.罚款;违约罚金。 3.报应。 4.【牌戏】罚点;【体育】(犯规)处罚。 5.(行为等造成的)困难、障碍、不利后果 (=handicap)。 a monetary penalty 罚款处分。 the penalty area 【足球】罚球区域。 a penalty box 【冰球】被罚暂时下场的球员坐席。 a penalty kick 【足球】罚球。 on [under] penalty of 违者受…处罚。
default n. 1.不履行;违约;拖欠。 2.【法律】不履行债务;缺席。 3.欠缺,缺乏。 judgment by default 缺席裁判。 make default 缺席。 suffer a default 受缺席裁判。 be in default 不履行(契约)。 in default of 因无…,若缺少…时,若没有…时(He was silent in default of any excuse. 他无可推诿,哑口无言)。 vi.,vt. 1.拖欠(欠款等),不履行。 2.(使)不到案;(比赛)不出(场),不参加到底。 3.缺席裁判(某人),因不出场而输掉(比赛)。 defaulting subscriber (电话)欠费用户。
And the manufacturer should introduce default penalty in order to constrain the behavior of retailer, and then a calculating formula of default penalty is presented between one manufacturer and one retailer for the first time in this thesis 在此基础上,本文首次给出了一个制造商和一个分销商之间的违约金计算公式,进而又推广到一个制造商和两个分销商的情形。
And the manufacturer should introduce default penalty in order to constrain the behavior of retailer, and then a calculating formula of default penalty is presented between one manufacturer and one retailer for the first time in this thesis 在此基础上,本文首次给出了一个制造商和一个分销商之间的违约金计算公式,进而又推广到一个制造商和两个分销商的情形。
In chapter 5, the thesis discusses the situation of lack of retailer's order in one valid period of contract . retailer will increase the order quantity in the next period . correspondingly, manufacturer will increase default penalty 第五章分析了分销商如果在前一个合同期间订货不足,导致缺货,分销商将在第二期中增大订货,相应地,制造商将加大违约惩罚力度。
In chapter 2, through comparing with price constraint mechanism and fault punishment constraint mechanism, the thesis indicates that the price constraint does n't play a role in constraining the behavior of retailer " flexible order . on the contrary, making use of default penalty can form the win-win situation 第二章通过比较价格约束机制和违约惩罚约束机制,指出,当分销商灵活订购时,价格约束通常不起作用,而利用违约金来约束分销商的行为可以使供销双方同时达到最优,形成双赢的局面。